![]() In multicellular organisms, tissue and organ development results from coordinated cell division and cell fate specifications, underlying the patterning of the developing tissue and organ. Our results provide evidence that HD-ZIP III TFs directly affect the auxin response and mediate a feed-forward loop formed by MP and IAA20 that may focus and stabilize the auxin response during vascular patterning and the differentiation of xylem cell types. The double mutant of IAA20 and its closest homolog IAA30 forms ectopic protoxylem, while overexpression of IAA30 causes discontinuous protoxylem and occasional ectopic metaxylem, similar to a weak loss-of-function mp mutant. We show that one of the HD-ZIP III TFs, PHABULOSA, directly binds the promoter of both MONOPTEROS ( MP) /AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5, a key factor in vascular formation, and IAA20, encoding an auxin/indole acetic acid protein that is stable in the presence of auxin and able to interact with and repress MP activity. We found that changes in HD-ZIP III TF levels affect the expression of genes encoding core auxin response molecules. Here, we present data suggesting that an important mechanism is their ability to moderate the auxin response. It is unclear, however, by what mechanisms the HD-ZIP III TFs control xylem axis patterning. In the root of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana), HD-ZIP III TFs dose-dependently govern the patterning of the xylem axis, with higher levels promoting metaxylem cell identity in the central axis and lower levels promoting protoxylem at its flanks. Procambium formation is promoted by high auxin levels activating class III homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors ( TFs). Lord Wind, Perunwit, Raus!, Kraina bez Wiatru, Wolves, ex- Carpe Noctem, ex- Gromowładny, ex-Minas Morgul, ex-Mord UmysłuPlant vascular tissues, xylem and phloem, differentiate in distinct patterns from procambial cells as an integral transport system for water, sugars, and signaling molecules. Horns, Mystherium, Goatlord, Industrium, ex- Atonement, ex- Ebola, ex- Lord Wind, ex- Moontower, ex- Warfist, ex-O.M.E.N.Ībusiveness, Blaze of Perdition, Deivos, Dira Mortis, Moon, Straight Hate, Ulcer, In Twilight's Embrace (live), ex- Parricide, ex- Christ Agony, ex- Eclipse, ex- Squash Bowels, ex- Azarath (live), ex- Engraved (live) Necroblasphemy, VED, Leyd, ex- Dimorph, ex- Varg, ex- Pauzûl, ex- Narvik (live)Ĭeltic Dance, Harm Wulf, Muruth, Von Hexe, ex- Devotion Omega, ex- Tanist, ex- Abhor, ex- Ars Macabra, ex- Chaosbaphomet, ex- Maléfice, ex- Stigmhate, ex- Via Dolorosa, ex- Virus of Koch, ex- Xeper, ex- Nova (live), ex- Vermine (live), ex-Tribes of AnakimĮx- Emperor's Hate, ex- Infernum, ex- Infernum, ex-DagonĮx- Capricornus, ex- Infernum, ex- Legion, ex- Thor's Hammer, ex- Thy WorshiperĪbusiveness, Biały Viteź, Deivos, Dira Mortis, Moon, Pripegal, Ulcer, Xaos Oblivion, ex- Blasphemy Rites, ex- Blaze of Perdition, ex- Christ Agony, ex- Eclipse, ex- Profundis, ex- Engraved (live), ex-Desaster Lord Wind, ex- Darken, ex- Infernum, ex- Legion, ex- Mysterial, ex- Thoth, ex- Woodtemple (live) ![]()
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